Glossary term
Human Development Index (HDI): Meaning and Definition
Reviewed and approved by Dr. Anamika ShrivastavaPublished Last updated
The Human Development Index (HDI) is a composite measure published by the UNDP that ranks countries on a scale from 0 to 1 using three dimensions: a long and healthy life, knowledge and a decent standard of living. It treats education and health as ends of development, not just means to output.
In more detail
The HDI averages three indices: life expectancy, years of schooling and income per head. It ranks countries by well-being, not income alone, so a country with modest income but strong health and education can rank higher than richer ones. It omits inequality, rights and the environment.
Example
In the book’s 2003 data, China’s HDI was 0.755, India’s 0.602 and Pakistan’s 0.527.
Key points
- Published in the UNDP Human Development Report.
- Uses life expectancy, education and income.
- Does not measure liberty or rights.
Common mistake
Treating a high HDI as proof of equal development within the country.
Related terms
Where it is explained
This term is explained in Class 11 Indian Economic Development Chapter 10: Comparative Development Experiences of India and Its Neighbours.